The weather is warm, and it is often raining. Kangaroo Grass is flowering.
❝ They must have done something with the seeds for damper to pulp down into a floury thing for damper. That’s when the butterflies come to the flowers. They were food. ❞ – Brian Paterson, 1999
Buliyong (bats) are catching insects in flight. Balayang, the Creation Being, is also referred to as the bat.
Male Common Brown butterflies are flying. Coranderrk (Victorian Christmas Bush) is coming into flower.
The Orion constellation is setting in the western sky around sunrise.
— Eastern Kulin Seasonal Calendar [Melbourne Museum]
❝ In southern Australia birds are kept busy feeding their young. Many birds are going through a post-nesting moult. Moths and beetles collect around lights. Holes appear everywhere as echidnas actively dig for ants. ❞
– Banksias and Bilbies
❝ Many birds begin moulting and old feathers are everywhere. Berries ripen on shrubs, grasses are seeding and harvest begins. Moths and beetles collect around lights. Leek, spider and donkey orchids appear in the bush. ❞
– Gum Leaves and Geckoes
❝ High Summer November, December, January.
WARRA WARRAP/GARRONG, late Black Wattle, with pale yellow blossoms, flowered in November. As the summer advanced, the land began to dry, and people congregated around the reliable water-sources, the creeks, rivers and billabongs. Fish was an important food – Galaxias moved up the river from the sea. Where rocky falls blocked the river, as in the Prince’s Bridge area and at Dight’s Fails, fish would accumulate in large numbers, and could be easily taken. Eels started to come downriver. Fish traps were set. Water sources were important for the wildlife, so large animals such as Kangaroos and Emus would come to drink and could be caught. Lizards and snakes were active. Grasses flowered – Kangaroo Grass, Wallaby Grass, Spear Grass, Tussock Grass and the Common Reed. Fruits ripened -, MORR – Currant-bush, GARRAWANG – Apple-berry, White Elderberry, Kangaroo Apples and sweet LAAP – Manna, could be collected beneath the WURUN – Manna Gums The small tuberous plants died back, but the women still knew where they could dig for their roots, which at this time were at their best. . When people went up into the mountain gullies to get firedrills, they ate the pith from the centre of the treeferns. In the warm weather, big shelters were not needed unless it rained. ❞
– Dr. Beth Gott Seasonal Calendars for the Melbourne Area
❝ True spring, from late September to early December, when seed-eating birds such as finches and parrots begin nesting, platypuses lay eggs, bush-peas and lilies start flowering, the Yarra rises, tadpoles and aquatic insect larvae abound in ponds and spectacular caper white butterfly migrations occur. ❞
– Alan Reid (1993) six seasons for the middle Yarra region
Towns: Plantain (Plantago sp.) in flower along footpaths; irises flower; scarab beetles cluster around street lights; grassdart butterflies on yellow rockery flowers; lacewings (Order: Neuroptera) emerge.
Grasslands: craneflies (Family: Tipulidae) emerge around dams; black-shouldered kites (Elanus axillaris) attend harvesting; medic (Medicago sp.) in flower; brown snakes (Pseudonaja textilis) emerge.
Towns: loquats (Eriobotrya japonica) ripen, spinebills (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) visit weeping bottlebrush (Melaleuca viminalis) flowers in gardens.
Grasslands: Scotch thistles (weed: Onopordum acanthium) flower; aphids & young leaf-hoppers on fruit trees.
Wetlands: paperbark trees (Melaleuca sp.) begin flowering.
Towns: silky oaks (Grevillea robusta), bottlebrushes & teatrees in flower in gardens; bee-flies & wasps are common.
Grasslands: capeweed (weed: Arctotheca calendula) & fireweed groundsel (Senecio linearifolius) in flower; songlarks (Cincloramphus mathewsi) in full song; springtails (Order: Collembola) float in roadside pools; trillers (Lalage sueurii) moving South.
The Seven Seasons of the Kulin Nation
Reid, A.J. (1984) Gum Leaves and Geckoes: Gould League Nature Diary. Gould League of Victoria.
Reid, A.J. (1995) Banksias and Bilbies: Seasons of Australia. Gould League of Victoria.
Gott, B. Melbourne’s 6 seasons [Friends Of Herring Island]
Eastern Kulin Seasonal Calendar [Melbourne Museum]
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